Delphi language features: Difference between revisions

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Here is incomplete Delphi/Object Pascal feature tree. Some features are dependent on others so some have precedence during compiler development.
* Statements
* Variables (var)
* Constants (const)
* Name spaces (namespace)
* Direct access to memory (pointers, directive absolute)
* Compiler directives: IFDEF, ENDIF, DEFINE, ...
* Operators (and, or, xor, not, shl, shr, +, -, /, *, div, mod, as, in, ...)
* Expressions (parenthesis, operator priority, infix notation)
* Assignment (:=)
* Function overloading (overload)
* Integrated assembler (asm-end)
* Subroutines (function, procedure)
** Nested functions
** Functions parameters
** Inlined code (inline)
* Types (type)
** Elementary
*** Enumeration (Boolean, ...)
*** Subrange (0..100, ...)
*** Ordinals (SmallInt, Byte, Integer, Word, Cardinal, Int64, ...)
*** Floating numbers (Real, Single, Double, Extended, ...)
*** Characters (Char, WideChar, AnsiChar, ...)
*** Strings (String, ShortString, AnsiString, WideString, PChar, ...)
*** Pointers (Pointer, @, ^)
*** Variant
*** Procedural types
** Composed
*** Array, static/dynamic
*** Record
**** Překrývání proměnných (variant records): case Integer of...
**** Packed
**** Operator redefinition
**** Advanced with constants,types,variables,procedure/functions
*** Set
*** Class
**** Visibility (published, public, private, protected)
**** Methods (procedure, function)
***** Virtual methods (virtual, override)
***** Inlined (inline)
**** Inheritance (inherited)
**** Properties (property, default, indexed)
**** Events (property with function type)
**** Nested definitions
**** Constructors and destructors (constructor, destructor)
*** Interface (interface)
* Globals (variables, constants, types, functions)
* Modularity (unit)
** Initialization (initialization)
** Finalization (finalization)
** Sections (interface, implementation)
* Controls structures
** Condition (if-then-else)
** Loop with known cycle count (for-to-do)
** Loop (repeat-until)
** Loop (while-do)
** Loop exit (break)
** Jump to next iteration (continue)
** Compound statement (begin-end)
** Multiple branching (case-of)
** Context change (with-do)
** Exception raise (raise)
** Exception handling (try-except)
** Exception finalization (try-finally)
** Loop with enumerators (for-in-do)
* Parametric types (generics)
* Translation strings (resourcestring)
* Thread local variables (threadvar)
* Reference counting (interface)
* Automatic memory management (memory manager)


{| class="wikitable sortable"
=Historic features=
! Name !! Description !! Level

|-
* File types (file, text)
| Statements || || 0
* Direct jump (goto, label)
|-
| Variables || '''var''' keyword, global || 0
|-
| Variables - Local || Inside function and procedures ||
|-
| Constants || '''const''' keyword, global || 0
|-
| Name spaces || Not directly supported || Future
|-
| Memory access || Direct access to memory (pointers, directive absolute) ||
|-
| Compiler directives || ||
|-
| Compiler directives - Conditionals || $IFDEF, $ENDIF, $DEFINE, ...) ||
|-
| Compiler directives - Region || code hiding using $REGION ||
|-
| Compiler directives - Options || ($M+/-, ...) ||
|-
| Operators || and, or, xor, not, +, -, /, *, div, mod || 0
|-
| Operators - Shifting || shl, shr ||
|-
| Operators - Type || as, in ||
|-
| Expressions || operator priority, infix notation || 0
|-
| Expressions - Parentheses || || 1
|-
| Assignment || ''':=''' symbol || 0
|-
| Integrated assembler || asm-end ||
|-
| Comments || One line // or Block level {}, (* *) ||
|-
| Functions || Functions and procedures || 0
|-
| Functions - Overloading || Function overloading, '''overload''' keyword ||
|-
| Functions - Nested || Local functions inside function
|-
| Functions - Parameters || ||
|-
| Functions - Parameters - Reference || '''var''' keyword for references ||
|-
| Functions - Parameters - Default value || parameters with default value ||
|-
| Functions - Inlined || Inlining code using '''inline''' keyword
|-
| Types || '''type''' keyword || 0
|-
| Types - Enumeration || (Boolean, ...) ||
|-
| Types - Subrange || (0..100, ...) ||
|-
| Types - Ordinals || SmallInt, Byte, Integer, Word, Cardinal, Int64, ... || 0
|-
| Types - Floating numbers || Real, Single, Double, Extended, ... ||
|-
| Types - Characters || Char, WideChar, AnsiChar, ... ||
|-
| Types - Strings || String, ShortString, AnsiString, WideString, PChar, ... ||
|-
| Types - Pointers || Pointer, @, ^ ||
|-
| Types - Variant || ||
|-
| Types - Procedural types || ||
|-
| Types - Composed || ||
|-
| Types - Array || static/dynamic ||
|-
| Types - Record || ||
|-
| Types - Record - Variant || Překrývání proměnných (variant records): case Integer of... ||
|-
| Types - Record - Packed || ||
|-
| Types - Record - Operator redefinition || ||
|-
| Types - Record - Advanced || with constants,types,variables,procedure/functions ||
|-
| Types - Set || '''set of''', ''in'' operator, [] as set initializer ||
|-
| Types - Class || '''class''' keyword ||
|-
| Types - Class - Visibility || published, public, private, protected ||
|-
| Types - Class - Methods || Methods (procedure, function) ||
|-
| Types - Class - Virtual methods || (virtual, override)
|-
| Types - Class - Inlining || inline ||
|-
| Types - Class - Inheritance || inherited ||
|-
| Types - Class - Properties || (property, read, write, default, indexed) ||
|-
| Types - Class - Nested definitions || ||
|-
| Types - Class - Constructors and destructors || constructor, destructor ||
|-
| Types - Interface || '''interface''' keyword ||
|-
| Globals || (variables, constants, types, functions) ||
|-
| Units || Modularity using '''unit''' keyword, interface and implementation sections ||
|-
| Units - Types || program, unit, package, library ||
|-
| Units - Initialization/Finalization || (initialization, finalization) ||
|-
| Controls structures || ||
|-
| Condition || (if-then-else) ||
|-
| Loop with known cycle count || for-to-do ||
|-
| Repeat loop || repeat-until ||
|-
| While loop || while-do ||
|-
| Loop exit || break
|-
| Loops - Continue || Jump to next iteration (continue) ||
|-
| Compound statement || begin-end ||
|-
| Multiple branching || case-of ||
|-
| Context change || with-do ||
|-
| Exceptions || || raise (raise)
|-
| Exceptions - handling || try-except ||
|-
| Exceptions - Finalization || try-finally ||
|-
| Loop with enumerators || for-in-do ||
|-
| Generics || Parametric types
|-
| Generics - Constraints || Limit generics parameters to class, record, ordinal, float, ...
|-
| Translation strings || '''resourcestring''' keyword
|-
| Multi-threading || ||
|-
| Multi-threading - Thread local variables || '''threadvar''' keyword
|-
| Interfaces || like abstract classes, multiple inheritance ||
|-
| Interfaces - Reference counting || ||
|-
| Memory manager || Automatic memory management ||
|-
| File types || file, text || Obsolete
|-
| Direct jump || goto, label keywords || Obsolete
|}


[[Category:Main]]
[[Category:Main]]

Latest revision as of 08:36, 24 March 2016

Here is incomplete Delphi/Object Pascal feature tree. Some features are dependent on others so some have precedence during compiler development.

Name Description Level
Statements 0
Variables var keyword, global 0
Variables - Local Inside function and procedures
Constants const keyword, global 0
Name spaces Not directly supported Future
Memory access Direct access to memory (pointers, directive absolute)
Compiler directives
Compiler directives - Conditionals $IFDEF, $ENDIF, $DEFINE, ...)
Compiler directives - Region code hiding using $REGION
Compiler directives - Options ($M+/-, ...)
Operators and, or, xor, not, +, -, /, *, div, mod 0
Operators - Shifting shl, shr
Operators - Type as, in
Expressions operator priority, infix notation 0
Expressions - Parentheses 1
Assignment := symbol 0
Integrated assembler asm-end
Comments One line // or Block level {}, (* *)
Functions Functions and procedures 0
Functions - Overloading Function overloading, overload keyword
Functions - Nested Local functions inside function
Functions - Parameters
Functions - Parameters - Reference var keyword for references
Functions - Parameters - Default value parameters with default value
Functions - Inlined Inlining code using inline keyword
Types type keyword 0
Types - Enumeration (Boolean, ...)
Types - Subrange (0..100, ...)
Types - Ordinals SmallInt, Byte, Integer, Word, Cardinal, Int64, ... 0
Types - Floating numbers Real, Single, Double, Extended, ...
Types - Characters Char, WideChar, AnsiChar, ...
Types - Strings String, ShortString, AnsiString, WideString, PChar, ...
Types - Pointers Pointer, @, ^
Types - Variant
Types - Procedural types
Types - Composed
Types - Array static/dynamic
Types - Record
Types - Record - Variant Překrývání proměnných (variant records): case Integer of...
Types - Record - Packed
Types - Record - Operator redefinition
Types - Record - Advanced with constants,types,variables,procedure/functions
Types - Set set of, in operator, [] as set initializer
Types - Class class keyword
Types - Class - Visibility published, public, private, protected
Types - Class - Methods Methods (procedure, function)
Types - Class - Virtual methods (virtual, override)
Types - Class - Inlining inline
Types - Class - Inheritance inherited
Types - Class - Properties (property, read, write, default, indexed)
Types - Class - Nested definitions
Types - Class - Constructors and destructors constructor, destructor
Types - Interface interface keyword
Globals (variables, constants, types, functions)
Units Modularity using unit keyword, interface and implementation sections
Units - Types program, unit, package, library
Units - Initialization/Finalization (initialization, finalization)
Controls structures
Condition (if-then-else)
Loop with known cycle count for-to-do
Repeat loop repeat-until
While loop while-do
Loop exit break
Loops - Continue Jump to next iteration (continue)
Compound statement begin-end
Multiple branching case-of
Context change with-do
Exceptions raise (raise)
Exceptions - handling try-except
Exceptions - Finalization try-finally
Loop with enumerators for-in-do
Generics Parametric types
Generics - Constraints Limit generics parameters to class, record, ordinal, float, ...
Translation strings resourcestring keyword
Multi-threading
Multi-threading - Thread local variables threadvar keyword
Interfaces like abstract classes, multiple inheritance
Interfaces - Reference counting
Memory manager Automatic memory management
File types file, text Obsolete
Direct jump goto, label keywords Obsolete